Where is Iowa Located in the United States?

Iowa is a Midwestern state located in the heart of the United States, known for its expansive agricultural landscape, which includes vast fields of corn and soybeans. It is often referred to as part of the “Corn Belt” due to its highly productive farmland. Iowa is bordered by six other states and is characterized by its rolling plains, rivers, and prairies. Iowa’s state facts include: state name: Iowa, postal abbreviation: IA, population: approximately 3.2 million (2024 estimate), area: 56,273 square miles, capital: Des Moines, largest city: Des Moines, year of statehood: 1846, time zones: Central Time Zone.

Bordering States

Minnesota

To the north, Iowa shares a border with Minnesota, which extends for about 270 miles. The Iowa-Minnesota boundary is primarily rural, with agricultural lands on both sides. The boundary follows a mostly straight line, as it was established by surveyors in the 19th century. This region of Iowa and Minnesota has similar geographical features, including gently rolling plains and farmland. Major towns near the border include Mason City, IA, and Albert Lea, MN. Both states have close economic and cultural ties, especially in agriculture, with farming and livestock production being common industries in this border region. The shared interests in agriculture, along with easy transportation access via highways and railroads, link the economies of northern Iowa and southern Minnesota.

Wisconsin

To the northeast, Iowa shares a border with Wisconsin, with the Mississippi River forming the natural boundary between the two states. This border runs for approximately 150 miles and is characterized by steep bluffs and scenic river valleys. The Mississippi River has historically been a vital transportation route, and today, it remains important for commerce, tourism, and recreation. The cities of Dubuque, IA, and Prairie du Chien, WI, serve as major river ports and gateways to this region. Both states share industries related to river transportation, agriculture, and tourism, and the Mississippi River is a popular spot for boating, fishing, and sightseeing.

Illinois

To the east, Iowa shares another border along the Mississippi River with Illinois, stretching for about 180 miles. The river creates a natural division between the two states, with cities like Davenport, IA, and Moline, IL, forming part of the Quad Cities region, a major metropolitan area that spans both sides of the river. The Mississippi River not only supports commercial activity but also fosters a strong cultural connection between these neighboring states. Major industries in this area include manufacturing, agriculture, and shipping, and the river serves as a vital transportation route for goods moving between the Midwest and the rest of the country.

Missouri

Iowa’s southern border is shared with Missouri, running for about 210 miles. The boundary is largely rural and agricultural, with vast fields of corn, soybeans, and other crops covering both sides of the state line. Major towns along this border include Lamoni, IA, and Bethany, MO, which act as local hubs for farming communities. The economies of southern Iowa and northern Missouri are closely connected through agriculture, and the two states share cultural ties, particularly in rural communities that span the border. The region is also connected by highways, facilitating the easy transport of agricultural products between the two states.

Nebraska

To the west, Iowa shares a border with Nebraska, marked by the Missouri River, which runs for about 180 miles. This river boundary is significant for commerce and transportation, with major cities like Council Bluffs, IA, and Omaha, NE, located along its banks. The Iowa-Nebraska border region is a major economic and transportation hub, particularly for industries such as manufacturing, finance, and agriculture. The shared river system supports both recreational and commercial activities, with the Missouri River providing opportunities for boating, fishing, and water-based tourism.

South Dakota

To the northwest, Iowa shares a short border with South Dakota, running for about 120 miles. The boundary is defined by the Big Sioux River, which flows into the Missouri River. The largest city near this border is Sioux City, IA, which serves as an important economic center for both Iowa and South Dakota. The region is known for its agricultural production, including corn, soybeans, and livestock, and the two states have strong agricultural ties. The Big Sioux River also provides recreational opportunities, such as fishing and kayaking, contributing to the region’s outdoor lifestyle.

GPS Coordinates of Iowa

Iowa is geographically located between the latitudes of 40.3755° N to 43.5016° N and the longitudes of 89.9556° W to 96.6395° W, placing it in the central part of the United States. These coordinates position Iowa squarely in the Midwest, which is known for its agricultural productivity and flat to gently rolling landscapes.

The central coordinates of Iowa are approximately 42.0003° N, 93.0977° W, which is near the state’s geographic center, just west of Ames, IA. This location puts Iowa in the Central Time Zone, and the state experiences a continental climate, with cold winters and hot summers, typical of the Midwestern United States.

Iowa’s location makes it a key transportation hub, with several major highways and railways crossing the state. Interstate 80, which runs east to west across the entire country, passes through Iowa, connecting it with cities like Chicago to the east and Omaha to the west. Interstate 35 runs north to south, linking Iowa to Minnesota and Missouri.

Iowa’s GPS coordinates place it in the heart of the Great Plains, making it one of the most important agricultural states in the U.S. Its central location also gives it access to major markets in all directions, and the state is a critical point for the transportation of goods, particularly agricultural products like corn, soybeans, and pork.

Levels of Elevation in Iowa

Iowa is generally known for its flat to gently rolling terrain, but the state’s elevation varies from its river valleys to its northern hills. The highest point in Iowa is Hawkeye Point, which stands at an elevation of 1,670 feet (509 meters) above sea level. Hawkeye Point is located in the northwestern part of the state, near the town of Sibley in Osceola County. Although not a mountain, Hawkeye Point is a popular destination for visitors interested in geography, and the site features a small park with information about Iowa’s topography.

The lowest point in Iowa is along the Mississippi River, where the river flows out of the state near Keokuk, in Lee County. This point has an elevation of 480 feet (146 meters) above sea level. The Mississippi River valley in southeastern Iowa is a region of low-lying floodplains and wetlands, making it one of the state’s most important agricultural zones due to its rich, fertile soils.

Iowa’s elevation gradually rises as you move from the southeastern lowlands along the Mississippi River to the northwestern corner of the state, where the terrain becomes more undulating. The Loess Hills in western Iowa, near the Missouri River, are another notable geographical feature. These hills, formed by wind-deposited silt, rise up to about 200 feet above the surrounding plains and provide unique landscapes for hiking and outdoor activities.

Central and northern Iowa are dominated by rolling plains and prairies, with elevations generally ranging between 800 and 1,200 feet above sea level. This terrain is ideal for agriculture, and the region’s rich topsoil makes it one of the most productive farming areas in the world. The gentle slopes also allow for efficient drainage, which is crucial for crop production.

Overall, while Iowa does not have mountains or dramatic elevation changes, the state’s topography is varied enough to support diverse ecosystems and land uses, from agriculture to recreation.

Most Extreme Points of Iowa

Iowa’s most extreme geographical points define the boundaries of the state and illustrate its diverse landscape, from river valleys to rolling hills.

  • Easternmost point: The easternmost point of Iowa is located near the town of Sabula, in Jackson County, along the Mississippi River. Sabula is known as Iowa’s “Island City,” as it sits on an island in the Mississippi River, connected to the mainland by a causeway. This region is part of the Upper Mississippi River Valley, which features scenic bluffs, wetlands, and rich agricultural lands. The easternmost point of Iowa is where the Mississippi River forms the natural border with Illinois, providing important waterways for transportation and trade.
  • Westernmost point: The westernmost point of Iowa is located near Sioux City, along the Big Sioux River, which forms the boundary between Iowa and South Dakota. This point is part of the Missouri River Valley, a region known for its agricultural production, particularly in corn and soybeans. Sioux City serves as a major economic and transportation hub in western Iowa, and the westernmost point marks the beginning of the expansive plains that stretch westward into Nebraska and South Dakota.
  • Southernmost point: The southernmost point of Iowa is located near Hamburg, in Fremont County, along the Missouri River. This area is part of the rich agricultural land along the Missouri River floodplain. The southernmost point marks the boundary between Iowa and Missouri and is part of a region that has historically been important for farming and river transport. The Missouri River continues to play a crucial role in moving goods and materials between Iowa and neighboring states.
  • Northernmost point: The northernmost point of Iowa is located near the town of Northwood, in Worth County, along the border with Minnesota. This region is part of the Northern Iowa Plains, a predominantly agricultural area characterized by flat to gently rolling terrain. The northernmost point lies in a rural area dominated by corn and soybean farming, and it marks the boundary between Iowa’s farmland and Minnesota’s agricultural regions to the north.

These extreme points highlight the importance of Iowa’s rivers, including the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, in shaping the state’s borders and supporting its agricultural and economic activities.

Major Mountains in Iowa

Iowa is a state characterized by its generally flat to gently rolling terrain, and it does not have any significant mountain ranges. However, there are notable elevated areas and hills that contribute to the state’s unique geography.

  • Hawkeye Point: At 1,670 feet (509 meters), Hawkeye Point is the highest natural point in Iowa, located in Osceola County near the town of Sibley. Although it is not a mountain in the traditional sense, Hawkeye Point offers a scenic view of the surrounding farmland and is a popular spot for visitors interested in geography. The site includes a small park with historical markers and information about Iowa’s topography. While Hawkeye Point does not have the dramatic elevation changes of a mountain, it represents the highest point in a state known for its prairies and rolling plains.
  • Loess Hills: One of Iowa’s most unique geographical features is the Loess Hills, which run along the western edge of the state near the Missouri River. The Loess Hills rise to elevations of up to 200 feet above the surrounding plains and are composed of wind-deposited silt, known as loess. These hills are found in a narrow band running north to south, from Westfield in the north to Stanton in the south. The Loess Hills provide a rare and distinct landscape, with steep ridges and bluffs that are unlike any other terrain in Iowa. The region is popular for hiking, birdwatching, and other outdoor activities, and the hills support unique plant and animal species that are adapted to the dry, sandy conditions.
  • Pikes Peak State Park: While not a mountain, Pikes Peak State Park in northeastern Iowa features one of the most dramatic overlooks in the state. The park is located near the town of McGregor, and the cliffs rise 500 feet above the Mississippi River, providing stunning views of the river valley below. The area is known for its rugged terrain, forested bluffs, and scenic beauty. The park is a popular destination for hikers and tourists looking to experience the dramatic landscapes along the Mississippi River.
  • Pilot Knob State Park: Located near the town of Forest City, in north-central Iowa, Pilot Knob is a prominent hill that rises to about 1,450 feet above sea level. The summit of Pilot Knob provides panoramic views of the surrounding prairie and farmland. The hill is part of Pilot Knob State Park, which features hiking trails, woodlands, and wetlands. While Pilot Knob is not a mountain, it is one of the higher points in northern Iowa and offers a scenic escape for outdoor enthusiasts.
  • Mines of Spain Recreation Area: Located near Dubuque, the Mines of Spain Recreation Area is a region of steep bluffs and ridges along the Mississippi River. The area’s elevation rises dramatically from the river valley, with cliffs and rocky outcrops providing spectacular views of the river. The Julien Dubuque Monument, located within the park, sits atop a high bluff and offers panoramic views of the Mississippi River and surrounding countryside.

Although Iowa is not home to traditional mountains, its elevated areas and hills provide a varied landscape that contrasts with the state’s flat agricultural plains. The Loess Hills, in particular, are a rare and geologically significant feature that sets Iowa apart from other Midwestern states.

Major Rivers and Lakes in Iowa

Iowa is rich in waterways, with several major rivers and lakes that play vital roles in the state’s economy, environment, and recreation.

  • Mississippi River: The Mississippi River forms the entire eastern border of Iowa, running for approximately 300 miles along the state’s edge. This river is one of the most important waterways in North America, serving as a major route for commerce, transportation, and recreation. Cities like Dubuque, Davenport, and Burlington are key river ports in Iowa, and the Mississippi River supports industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and shipping. The river is also a popular destination for recreational activities, including boating, fishing, and birdwatching, and it attracts tourists to the scenic river bluffs and historic towns along its banks.
  • Missouri River: The Missouri River forms the western boundary of Iowa, running for about 180 miles along the state’s border with Nebraska. The Missouri River is a crucial waterway for transporting goods, especially agricultural products like corn and soybeans. Cities like Council Bluffs and Sioux City are important economic centers along the river, serving as hubs for trade and transportation. The Missouri River also offers recreational opportunities, including fishing, boating, and camping along its banks.
  • Des Moines River: The Des Moines River is one of the largest rivers within Iowa, flowing from the southern part of Minnesota into Iowa before joining the Mississippi River near Keokuk. The river runs through the state capital, Des Moines, and provides water for agriculture, industry, and municipal use. The Des Moines River is also a popular destination for fishing and boating, with several parks and recreational areas located along its course.
  • Iowa River: The Iowa River runs through the eastern part of the state, beginning in north-central Iowa and flowing southeast to join the Mississippi River. The river passes through cities like Iowa City and Coralville, and it plays an important role in the local economy and environment. The Iowa River is used for irrigation, recreation, and as a water source for nearby communities. Coralville Lake, a man-made reservoir on the Iowa River, is a popular spot for boating, fishing, and camping.
  • Cedar River: The Cedar River flows through northeastern Iowa, eventually joining the Iowa River. It passes through cities like Cedar Rapids, where it is a vital resource for industry and agriculture. The Cedar River is known for its scenic beauty and provides opportunities for recreational activities such as fishing, kayaking, and hiking along its banks.
  • Lake Red Rock: Located near Pella, Lake Red Rock is the largest lake in Iowa, covering over 15,000 acres. The lake was created by damming the Des Moines River and serves as a flood control reservoir. Lake Red Rock is a popular destination for boating, fishing, and camping, and the surrounding area offers hiking trails and wildlife viewing opportunities.
  • Spirit Lake: Spirit Lake, located in northwestern Iowa, is part of the Iowa Great Lakes region, a popular vacation destination. The lake is known for its crystal-clear waters and is a hub for fishing, boating, and water sports. Spirit Lake is one of the largest natural lakes in the state, and the surrounding region includes several other lakes, such as West Okoboji Lake and East Okoboji Lake, which attract visitors year-round.
  • Clear Lake: Clear Lake, located in northern Iowa, is another popular destination for fishing, boating, and water-based recreation. The town of Clear Lake is known for its summer tourism, with visitors flocking to the lake for water sports, camping, and festivals. The lake’s clear waters and sandy beaches make it one of Iowa’s most visited lakes.

Iowa’s rivers and lakes are crucial to the state’s economy and quality of life, providing water for agriculture, transportation routes for goods, and recreational opportunities for residents and visitors. The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers, in particular, have shaped Iowa’s history and continue to play a vital role in its economic development.

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