Tag Archives: Lebanon

According to collegesanduniversitiesinusa, the educational history of Lebanon stretches back centuries, with the country boasting a rich culture and numerous universities. The Lebanese educational system is divided into three levels: primary, intermediate and secondary. Primary education is compulsory for all children between the ages of 6 and 15, while secondary education lasts for three years. Education is free in public schools, although parents are expected to pay various fees such as registration and textbook costs. Lebanon’s educational history has been heavily influenced by its religious communities. In the 19th century, Christian missionaries introduced modern educational methods to the region, which helped to spread literacy among both Christians and Muslims. The French mandate period (1920-1943) saw an expansion of the educational system with new schools being established in both rural and urban areas. In the post-independence period (1943 onwards), Lebanon’s education sector underwent further expansion as more resources were devoted to it. Numerous universities were established across Lebanon during this time, including the University of Beirut (1957) and Lebanese American University (1960). The civil war (1975-1990) had a devastating effect on Lebanon’s education sector as many schools were destroyed or closed down due to violence or lack of funding. Since the end of the civil war, significant efforts have been made to rebuild Lebanon’s education sector. Private schools have become increasingly popular as they offer higher quality teaching than public schools; however they are often expensive which puts them out of reach for many families from poorer backgrounds. Additionally, there has been a focus on introducing more vocational training courses in order to equip students with practical skills that can be applied in their future careers both domestically and abroad. In 2009, Lebanon was a nation in transition after the end of its 15-year civil war in 1990. The country had become a fragile state due to sectarian divisions, regional rivalries and foreign interference. This was exemplified by the 2006 conflict between Israel and Hezbollah, which had caused significant destruction to infrastructure and displaced up to one million people. The geopolitics of Lebanon in 2009 were characterized by the struggle between two main factions: the March 14 Alliance (M14) and the March 8 Alliance (M8). The M14 was a coalition of Sunni Muslims, Christians and Druze that supported closer ties with the West and opposed Syrian influence in Lebanon. The M8 was a coalition of Shia Muslims that supported closer ties with Syria and Iran, as well as Hezbollah’s resistance against Israel. In 2009, Lebanon’s government was led by Prime Minister Saad Hariri from the M14 alliance. As Prime Minister, Hariri sought to strengthen ties with Western powers such as France and the United States while maintaining good relations with Syria. However, his government faced significant challenges due to political divisions within Lebanon and external pressures from regional rivals such as Israel and Syria. In addition to Hezbollah’s growing influence in Lebanon, Iran had become increasingly involved in Lebanese politics through its support for Hezbollah and other Shia groups. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia had allied itself with Hariri’s government by providing financial aid to help rebuild infrastructure damaged during the 2006 conflict. The geopolitics of Lebanon in 2009 were further complicated by foreign interventions from both sides of the Arab-Israeli conflict; while Israel sought to contain Hezbollah’s power through airstrikes on suspected militant positions, Iran provided military aid to its allies within Lebanon. This created an unstable situation where any misstep could lead to further escalation of tensions between regional powers or even an all-out war. Check mathgeneral for Lebanon in 2017.