Author Archives: itypeusa

Germany Literature – From the Origins to the Late Middle Ages

The beginnings – The first evidence of an independent German literature with respect to the Latin and Romanesque world dates back to the Carolingian era and belong to the field of lexicography: the Abrogans, a collection of synonyms translated into Bavarian dialect in 765-70 and then into Alemannic dialect towards the end of the century, and the Vocabolarius… Read More »

Germany Music

From the origins to the 18th century From the earliest times, Germanic poetry benefited from singing, especially choral singing, alone or supported by instruments such as harp. In the early Middle Ages the spread of Christianity produced original blooms of choral singing, while from the 12th to the 14th century. a large troubadour movement developed,… Read More »

Germany Society and Human Rights

Population and society Made up of nearly 81 million people, the German population is the largest in the European Union. In recent years, however, there has been a slight decrease: the demographic increase rate was 0.3%, the fertility rate was 1.4 children per woman, while the migration rate – much decreased compared to the 1990s.… Read More »

Germany Literature

In a political and cultural framework radically transformed by the reunification of two long-separated communities, a growing consideration for the ‘German pain’ has imposed itself on the united consciousness, and therefore greater attention to the biographical events of family members involved as victims or executioners in tragic events of National Socialism. A second line of… Read More »

Germany Population in the Early 2000’s

Central European state. Sixty years after the disastrous outcome of the Second World War, which in fact reduced it (and relegated it for a long period of time) to a state of not fully sovereign state, Germany has returned to being an actor of the very first magnitude in the political and, above all, European… Read More »

Germany Population 1998

On the threshold of the third millennium, Germany represents one of the key elements of the new European and world geopolitical construction, but, at the same time, also one of the elements of greatest uncertainty. The assertion, paradoxical in itself, is grounded in recent events in the German territory and economy. The first has not… Read More »

Germany Medieval Arts – Monetation

Only at the end of the century. 6 ° in Germany there was an autonomous activity of coinage, in the cities of Cologne, Mainz and Trier; the production of Roman mints is instead attested starting from the middle of the 3rd century. In minting centers such as Trier, Speyer, Worms, Mainz, Andernach, Bonn and Cologne,… Read More »

West Germany Public Finance

At the end of 1960 the BRD’s gold and currency reserves amounted to 33 billion DM while the considerable availability of liquidity created the conditions for a large granting of credit. To better define the financial framework, it should be added that, with effect from 6 March 1961, the federal government decided to revalue the… Read More »

West Germany Population

After the Germany had been divided into four occupation zones (American, British, French and Soviet) at the end of the Second World War, in September 1949, the Federal Republic of Germany was established in the territory corresponding to the first three (Bundesrepublik Deutschland ; acronym BRD), also commonly known as Germany Ovest or Germany di Bonn,… Read More »

West Germany Music

In the immediate post-war period Germany found itself, even in the music sector, having to overcome the cultural isolation that had characterized its most recent history for over a decade. It was necessary to give space to the few who remained at home and almost completely inactive during the Nazi period, to recall the many… Read More »

West Germany Economic Sectors

Federal Republic of Germany. – Agriculture. In western Germany the attempt to make agriculture more rational by increasing the average size of farms continued, bringing the total from one million in the 1970s to 700,000 at the end of the following decade; in the meantime, however, the number of farmers also decreased, which today barely exceeds 1.2 million… Read More »

West Germany Economic Conditions

Agriculture. – In recent years the cultivated area has had a slight increase, from 7,880,000 ha in 1962 to 8,080,000 in 1973; of these, about 7.5 make up the arable land and over half a million are used for tree crops. The expansion took place at the expense of meadows and pastures (about 5.4 million… Read More »

Sweden Arts and Architecture in the 20th Century

In the 20th century. the artistic production is partly attracted by the international avant-garde currents while the awareness of national traditions is also affirmed. V. Eggeling, OG Carlsund, G. Adrian-Nilson (called GAN), elaborated experimental languages ​​and a geometric purism that was followed only after 1945. In 1929 A. and E. Olson, Sweden Mörner and other painters… Read More »

Spain Breeding and Fishing

Although inferior to the wealth of other times (15th-16th centuries) and perhaps to the possibilities offered by the territory (just under 1/3 of this is made up of grazing areas), the Spanish livestock heritage appears to be quite well supplied, and does not unequal to the needs of agricultural life. In 1933 it included 802,800… Read More »

Portugal Cinema

According to top-mba-universities, the cinema in Portugal has characterized itself, since the seventies, on the eve of the Carnation Revolution, when the Centro português de cinema (CPC, an autonomous cooperative made up of eighteen directors) was formed, as an auteur cinema, path from experimentalisms and cultural references, with a refined structure, rigorous language, rarefied, literary,… Read More »

Norway Population, Economy and Languages

Population At the beginning of the 18th century. the Norway had 700,000 residents. These increased significantly in the following century, rising to over 2 million in 1900 and then doubling in the time leading up to the end of the 20th century. The excessive increase in local resources, together with the serious agricultural crises that… Read More »

Hungary Arts and Architecture from 11th to 19th Century

According to top-mba-universities, the Magyars found in the Pannonian territory an artistic culture brought there by Huns, Avars, Scythians, Lombards, and introduced elements of Persian-Sassanid origin, as shown by various goldsmiths found in the tombs. With Stephen I the Saint began the western direction of the art of the Hungary 3rd-4th century there were examples… Read More »

Egypt Hydrography

According to localcollegeexplorer, the climatic conditions of Egypt are not such as to allow the formation of perennial streams. The Nile, the only river that crosses the country, is not fed by the rains that have fallen locally but draws its waters from the great lakes of central Africa and from the mountains of Ethiopia,… Read More »

Canada from 1968 to 1988

The history of Canada from 1968 to 1988 was characterized by the presence on the political scene of two men, PE Trudeau and R. Lévesque. Trudeau, Federal Prime Minister from April 1968 to June 1979 and from March 1980 to June 1984, personified the idea of ​​a single Canada, based on the languages ​​of the… Read More »

Brazil Constitutional, Administrative and Judicial System

The Brazilian nation has adopted the form of government of the federal republic with a representative regime, constituting itself, with the perpetual and indissoluble union of its ancient provinces, in the United States of Brazil (Republica dos Estados unidos do Brazil ; constitution of 24 February 1891, revised September 4, 1926). This system of government gave… Read More »

Austria History – Maria Theresa’s Reforms and Politics

According to searchforpublicschools, the empress took advantage of the few years of peace that she could enjoy between the war for the Austrian succession (1740-1748) and the Seven Years’ War (1756-1763), for internal reforms that aimed above all at improving the military conditions of the Empire. He also worked to emancipate the monarch from the… Read More »

Argentina Between 1973 and 1991

According to top-engineering-schools, the Peronist government which took office in 1973, at the end of a long military dictatorship that began in 1966, did not reach the end of the constitutionally foreseen period and was overthrown by a military coup. Marked by a deep crisis, the mandate of Isabel Perón (widow of the leader charismatic who died… Read More »

Ethiopia Explorations

Leaving aside the uncertain and confused notifications of Ethiopia in antiquity and which, moreover, were limited to the coastal region of the Aksumite kingdom, it can be said that in the Middle Ages the first information was that which Marco Polo reported to us from an indirect source. Italian missionaries and merchants frequented the country… Read More »

Finland Geography

Finland State of Northern Europe ; the borders have a length that reaches 4400 km, of which about one third are coasts (in the S Gulf of Finland; in the W Gulf of Bothnia, both dependencies of the Baltic Sea), while two thirds are made up of land borders (with the Sweden, the Norway and… Read More »

Egypt Economic Conditions in the 1950’s

The economic and social policy of the regime established in 1952 is defined by the government as the tendency to build “a socialist, democratic and cooperative society”. To contribute to the development of the economy, a Permanent National Productivity Council was created in 1952 and various measures were adopted since then, starting with the agrarian… Read More »

Brazil Government and Military

Constitutional order. – The constitution in force in Brazil was promulgated on 10 November 1937 by President Getulio Vargas who abolished the constitution of 16 July 1934 (also revolutionary compared to that of 24 February 1891, amended in 1925 and 1926), and put on new foundations the state organization of Brazil. The figure of the… Read More »

Argentina Economy Between 1950 and 1975

The economy of the Argentina, in the years 1950-70, was dominated by a high rate of inflation. Between 1950 and 1966 prices grew at an average annual rate of more than 25%, rarely the rate of increase was less than 10% a year, in 1958 it was 50% in the following year it reached 100%.… Read More »

Spain Arts

Before outlining a profile of Spanish art of the 1980s and early 1990s, it is necessary to briefly reconsider the experiences gained in the previous decade that questioned the art of the 1960s, characterized by a provocative, radical and irreverent spirit. The art of the seventies is less prone to ruptures and experimentalisms: the return… Read More »

Poland Figurative Arts

After the First World War, the Polish contribution to contemporary art was notable. The «Formismo» group (Krakow, 1917-22), partly influenced by Futurism and Cubism, reacted to the Viennese ‘Secession’; followed by the groups Rytm (1921) and Blok (1924, M. Szczuka, W. Strzemiński, H. Stażewski, H. Berlewi, K. Kobro), continued by the Prezens group and that of the young people… Read More »

Mexico Defense and Security

A country at peace with its neighbors, with whom it has no serious disputes, Mexico maintains a low level of defense spending. The integration with the U knows by means of the N disease has, inter alia, enhanced security, enabling it to maintain the resources dedicated to the defense of the frontiers almost stable. The… Read More »