The mining sector has grown in importance over the past two decades. Gold mining in particular has been booming since the 1990’s. Large gold deposits were developed in the south and south-west of Mali, with foreign investors (especially from the Republic of South Africa) playing a key role. According to critics, foreign mining companies derive…
Author: itypeusa
Mali Industries
Informal sector The informal sector is particularly important in rapidly growing cities. However, he is faced with a number of serious problems. Income earned in the informal sector is often low, access to credit and means of production is severely restricted, and there is largely a lack of support strategies for this sector, which has…
Mali Economy
Economic policy In economic policy, the government is promoting the private sector and liberalization, although this policy is not only approved but also rejected. The national budget is in deficit. Since 1988, but especially since the mid-1990’s, the Malian government has made significant efforts to stimulate the economy. The economic reform programs implemented under pressure…
Mali Development
According to the human development indicators of the United Nations Development Program, Mali is one of the poorest countries in the world (2020: 184th place out of 189 countries). The following figures are primarily taken from human development reports issued by the United Nations Development Program and UNICEF country reports. Topography of Mali Human development…
Macrosocial Structure in Mali
Mali Society Proportion of literate adults: 33.4% Major religions: Islam (approx. 90%), natural religions Urban population: 42% (2018) Life expectancy (female / male): 58/54 years (2016, estimated) Gender Inequality Index: Rank 157 of 160 (2017) Number of births: 6.01 / woman (estimated, 2017) Infant mortality: 100/1000 live births (2016, estimated) Regionalism, Ethnicity and Tribalism Due…
Mali Gender Ratio
In Mali – as in many other African countries – women are largely disadvantaged compared to the male population. This applies both to access to education and employment as well as to the social and economic status of women. However, there are differences between the various ethnic groups. With the Bambara, the women’s sphere of…
Mali Education
School and vocational training The Malian population is characterized by a high proportion of young people. In 2018, 47.5% of the population were younger than 15 years, which is a major challenge for the school system in particular. Pupils at a primary school in Sikasso In the past two decades, Mali has made considerable progress…
Mali Health and Welfare
Health care In the health care sector, Mali has a number of worrying indicators. Inadequate access to health facilities, poverty, a lack of sanitary facilities, widespread undernourishment and malnutrition as well as insufficient clean drinking water are often closely related problems, which result in an increased susceptibility of large parts of the population to serious…
Mali Culture
Cultural identities In terms of cultural diversity, the multi-ethnic country of Mali is one of the most interesting countries in sub-Saharan Africa. There is a rich mosaic of traditions and cultural expressions in the country. In Malian society, respect for hierarchies as well as consensus and social cohesion is very important, be it in the…
Mali Religion
Mali Overview According to transporthint, Mali, the official name of the Republic of Mali, is a landlocked country in West Africa and borders in the northwest on Mauritania, in the north on Algeria, in the east on Niger, in the southeast on Burkina Faso, in the south on Ivory Coast and Guinea and in the…
Mali Everyday Life
Mali everyday life Currency: Franc CFA (FCFA) BCEAO Exchange rate: 656 francs CFA per 1 euro Time zone: UTC Country code (phone): 00223 Climate (for capital): tropical Entry and residence regulations To enter Mali, a valid visa, an entry form from the Malian Ministry of Health and a certificate of a negative COVID-19 test, which…
Mali Travel, Transportation and Traffic
Falaise de Bandiagara According to timedictionary, Mali is a country located in Western Africa. Mali has so far been little developed for tourism and the tourist infrastructure is often poor even in the parts of the country visited by tourists. Nevertheless, provided that the security situation is appropriate, Mali is a worthwhile travel destination, especially…
Cameroon Socio-geographical Conditions
Demography, population structure Population pyramid forecast 2025 According to the INS (Institut National de la Statistique), the population mark of 20 million was reached in 2012. 56% of the population now lives in cities, with the big urbanization surge already taking place in the 1990’s. With urbanization rates of around 3.5%, migration to the urban…
Cameroon Ecological Problems
Overuse of natural forest resources Cameroon is still a forest-rich country, in 2010 45% of the country was still covered by forests. Between 1990 and 2010 1% of the forest area was lost each year and primary forest is becoming increasingly rare. Cameroon’s lowland and mountain rainforests are being destroyed. On the one hand by…
Cameroon Country Overview
“Afrique en miniature – Africa in miniature”, is how the French geographer Bruneau calls it. Geographically counted as Central Africa, Cameroon rather forms the link between the two major regions of West and Central Africa, which is reflected in flora, fauna, population and culture. Cameroon overview Subject areas Country overview & natural area Cameroon, a…
Cameroon History & State
Cameroon History & State Independence Day: 01/01/1960 (only for French mandate area) Head of state: Paul Biya (since 1982) Head of government: Joseph Dion Ngute (Prime Minister since 2019) Political system: Presidential republic, multi-party system Democracy Status Index (BTI): Rank 108 of 137 (2020) Corruption Index (CPI): Rank 153 of 180 (2019) Ibrahim Index of…
Cameroon Development towards the Modern State
Ahmadou Ahidjo, President of Cameroon from 1960-1982 France installed the representative of the western-oriented opponents of Nyobe, Ahmadou Ahidjo (biography), as a leading figure in the transition to independence: in 1960 Ahidjo became Cameroon’s first president. In 1961 the then “Southern Cameroons”, today’s Anglophone western provinces, until then part of the British mandate, decided in…
Cameroon Law and Justice
Brigade d’intervention rapide (BIR) in action With regard to political, social and economic transformation processes, Cameroon still has many deficits. While the change in the economic field is progressing slowly, the path to a democratic and social constitutional state is particularly difficult – an analysis that has been the same for years. The Cameroonian legal…
Cameroon Domestic Politics
Presidential image as it can be found in all public buildings in Cameroon Despite the multi-party system – Cameroon has an extraordinary wealth of parties – with more or less regular elections, Cameroonian politics is dominated by the president and ‘his’ party, namely the former Unity Party. Anyone who wants to achieve something in Cameroon’s…
Cameroon Elections
Election campaign in the Mandara Mountains According to the electoral law, all Cameroonians who have reached the age of 20 and are entered on a voter list are entitled to vote. Local, parliamentary and presidential elections are repeatedly accompanied by allegations of fraud. There have been no serious political disputes since the early 1990’s, however,…
Cameroon Regional Elections
Waiting for the next election 2020 Regional elections took place in Cameroon for the first time on December 6th, 2020. The RDPC / CPDM won a clear majority in the seats. Human rights In Amnesty International’s 2019 annual report on Cameroon, the conflicts in the northern region and in the Anglophone part of the country…
Cameroon Foreign Policy
Cameroon’s foreign policy is still characterized by its proximity to France, and thus indirectly to the EU. On the other hand, when Cameroon joined the Commonwealth in 1995, it also signaled that it would not only commit to France and Francophonie. An intention that is also evident in the recent intensification of contacts with the…
Cameroon Economy & Development
Cameroon Economy & Development Estimated GDP: US $ 38.7 billion (2018) Per capita income (purchasing power parity 2017): $ 3700 (2017 est.) Human Development Rank (HDI): Rank 153 of 189 (2019) Population below nat. Poverty line: 37.5% (2014) Distribution of income (Gini coefficient): 46.5 (2014) Economic Transformation (BTI): Rank 94 of 137 (2020) Economic structure…
Cameroon Business
Mining Also with regard to the exploitation of other mineral resources, such as iron ore (Mbalam / Est), cobalt, nickel and the like. Manganese (Nkamouna, Lomié / Est), uranium (Lolodorf / Sud, Nki / Est), gold (Djoum, Ntem, Nkout / Sud, Batouri / Est, Rey Bouba / Nord) or bauxite (Minim-Martap, Ngaoundal / Adamoua) and…
Cameroon Economic Sectors
Agriculture The most important pillar of the Cameroonian economy is agriculture. Traditional “cash crop” cultures are cocoa, coffee, cotton, bananas, rubber, tea, sugar cane and palm oil, with Cameroon until recently benefiting from the good world market prices for some of the products (cocoa, Coffee, rubber) benefited. The civil war in the Anglophone part of…
Cameroon Development and Development Policy
Poverty and Poverty Reduction A good 20% of Cameroonians have to get by on less than $ 1.90 per day. In the case of poverty indicators such as the country-specific average school years (12.7), life expectancy (58.9) or maternal mortality (596 deaths per 100,000 births), the large regional differences must not be forgotten. The catchphrase:…
Cameroon society
Cameroon society Alphabetized adults: 77% (2018 est.) Major religions: Christianity approx. 70% (K / P = 38% / 26%), Islam approx. 25% Urban population: 58% (2020) Life expectancy (male / female): 61/64 years (2020 est.) Gender Inequality Index: Rank 153 of 189 (2019) Number of births: 4.66 / woman (2020 est.) Infant mortality: 51.5 /…
Camerooni Gender ratio
Fish Fry There is still a clear discrepancy in Cameroon between existing equality rights and reality. A very high proportion of women are employed in Cameroon. The vast majority are farmers and are therefore responsible for the country’s food production. More women than in other African countries hold lower and middle positions in administration and…
Cameroon Education
School Student move-in The history of formal schooling in Cameroon began with the European missionaries. Today there are two school systems in Cameroon: the Anglophone provinces are based on the British school system, whereas the French model predominates in the Francophone part of the country. The state is responsible for education. On paper there is…
Cameroon Culture
Cultural standards of behavior If one wants to classify Cameroonian society on the basis of cultural behavioral standards, it must be classified as clearly relationship-oriented (ie the personal relationship is very important) and shows a clear trend towards collective behavioral patterns (the “we” is more important than the “I”). Society shows a pronounced power distance…